Here's an article from the website of the University of Wisconsin-Madison about how they view the difference between a resume and a CV: 
What's the Difference Between a Resume and a Curriculum Vitae?
I use the terms "resume" and "cv" synonymously, so please don't get confused!
 

Cultural differences in ads
-> Notice how different the ad for the same position is in German and in English.
 

Info about "majors" and "minors" in your studies

Now let's look at the "Careers" section of a well-know American newspaper website to see what they consider important.
USA Today -> Careers

Finally they raise some important points in a section called "Ignore These 10 Outdated Pieces of Career Advice".